Comparison of The Effectiveness of Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and Schema Therapy on Mothers of 5-6-year-old Children with Separation Anxiety

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Psychology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran

Abstract

Background: One of the most common anxiety disorders among children is separation anxiety disorder.
 
Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Intensive Short-term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and Schema Therapy on mothers of 5 to 6-year-old children with separation anxiety.
 
Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control groups. The statistical population was all mothers of 5-6-year-old children with separation anxiety in Shahin Shahr, Isfahan, in 2023. Of these, 45 people were selected by purposive sampling based on two standard deviations above the average of separation anxiety in the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale parent version and other research inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to two experimental and one control group (n=15 each). One experimental group received ten sessions of 90-minute Schema Therapy weekly. The second experimental group also received ten sessions of 90 minutes of ISTDP weekly, and the control group received no intervention. The research instruments included the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale parent version, which the mothers completed in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated variance measures, mixed design, and Bonferroni's post-hoc test.
 
Results: The results showed that both treatments improved the children's Separation anxiety. However, the effectiveness of ISTDP on mothers has been more effective in enhancing the children's separation anxiety (P<0.05). The efficacy of both treatments has been stable.
 
Conclusion: Both treatments, especially ISTDP on mothers, can be used to improve the children's separation anxiety.
 

Keywords

Open Access Policy: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

References

1. Grills AE, & Ollendick TH. Peer victimization, global self-worth, and anxiety in middle school children, Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2002; 31(1):59-68.
https://doi.org/10.1207/153744202753441675
 
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed-TR). Washington, DC. American Psychiatric Publishing; 2020.
 
3. Hare MM, Graziano PA. The Cost-Effectiveness
 
OfParent-Child Interaction Therapy: Examining Standard, Intensive, and Group Adaptations. Administ Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res. 2021; 48(3): 499-513. doi: 10.1007/s10488-020-01083-6.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-020-01083-6
PMid:32935144 PMCid:PMC7960556
 
4. Durkin K, Han RC, McNeil CB. Parent-child interaction therapy for children in medical settings. Ment Health. 2019; 15(2): 878-883.
 
5. Kerns CM, Renno P, Kendall PC, Wood JJ, Storch EA. Anxiety disorders interview schedule- autism addendum: Reliability and validity in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2017; 46(1): 88-100. DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1233501
https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1233501
PMid:27925775 PMCid:PMC5441235
 
6. Chorpita BF, Brown TA, Barlow DH. Perceived Control as a Mediator of Family Environment in Etiological Models of Childhood Anxiety-Republished Article. Behav Ther.2016; 47(5): 622-632. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.08.008.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.08.008
PMid:27816075
 
7. Davarpanah F. Play therapy is the art of relationship. Tehran: Roshd publications; 2002. [persian]
 
8. Gunty AL, Buri JR. Parental Practices and the Development of Maladaptive Schemas. Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association. May 2008; Chicago, IL2008. p. 33.
 
9. Young JE. Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders: A Schema-focused Approach. Sarasota, Florida: Professional Resource Press; 1999.
 
10. Qannadi F, Abdollahi Mh. The relationship between perceptions of parental Behavior and Early Maladaptive schemas. J Clin Psychol Studies. 2014;4(16):129-51. [Persian]
 
11. McCarthy MC, Lumley MN. Sources of emotional maltreatment and the differential development of unconditional and conditional schemas. Cogn Behav Ther. 2012;41(4):288-97. DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2012.676669
https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2012.676669
PMid:22471813
 
12. Schoppe-Sullivan SJ, Mangelsdorf SC, Haight WL, Black JE, Sokolowski MS, Giorgio G, et al. Maternal discourse, attachment-related risk, and current risk factors: Associations with maternal parenting behavior during foster care visits. J Appl Dev Psychol. 2007;28(2):149-165. DOI:10.1016/j.appdev.2006.12.005
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2006.12.005
 
13. Rahbar Karbasdehi F, Abolghasemi A, Rahbar Karbasdehi E. The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Psychological Resilience and Social Empowerment in Students with Depression Symptoms. Journal of Psychological Studies, 2020; 15(4): 73-90. [Persian]
 
14. Askari M, Naderi F, Ehteshamzadeh P, Asgari P, Heidari A. The Effectiveness of Combination Intervention of Schema Therapy and Attachment-Based Therapy on Parent Relationships Iranian. Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2017; 3(2):42-49. [Persian]
https://doi.org/10.21859/jpen-03026
 
15. Rezaei S, Mojtabaei M, Shomali Oskoei A. Comparison of the Effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy and Schema Therapy on Depression, Anxiety in Mothers with Autistic Children. Journal of Applied Psychology,2022. [Persian]
 
16. Kohut, H. How does analysis cure Chicago,1984.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226006147.001.0001
 
17. Frederickson, John. 2013. Co-Creating Change: Effective Dynamic Therapy Techniques. Translated: Enayat Khaligi Sigarodi 2014. First Edition. Tehran. ARJMAND publications. [Persian]
 
18. Kenny DT, Arthey S, Abbass A. Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy for Severe Music Performance Anxiety. Medical problems of performing artists. 2014; 29(1): 3-7. doi: 10.21091/mppa.2014.1002.
https://doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2014.1002
PMid:24647454
 
19. Cramer, P. Protecting the self: Defense mechanisms in action.
 
Guilford Press,2006.
 
20. Johansson R, Town JM, Abbass A. Davanloo's Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy in a tertiary psychotherapy service: overall effectiveness and association between unlocking the unconscious and outcome. PeerJ.2014; 2:548. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.548
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.548
PMid:25210661 PMCid:PMC4157301
 
21. pasbani ardabili M, Borjali A, Pezeshk S. The Effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy to Improve the Conflictive Relationship between Mother. Clinical Psychology Studies,2018;8(30): 139-162. [Persian]
 
22. Taghavi F, Mirzaie P, Azandariani M, Rezaei Shojaei S. The Effectiveness of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy on Anxiety, Depression and Happiness in Women with Generalized Anxiety. Medical journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 2019; 62(December): 456-466. [persian]
 
23. Delavar A. Research Method in Psychology and Educational Sciences. Tehran: Virayesh Publishing. (2013). [Persian]
 
24. Spence S H. Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (parent version). Brisbane: University of Queensland; 1999.
https://doi.org/10.1037/t11851-000
 
25. Naata MH, Agnes schooling, Rapee RM, Abbott M, Spence SH, waters A. A parent-report measure of children's anxiety: psychometric properties and comparison with child-report in a clinic and normal sample. Behavior Research and Therapy.2003; 42:813-839. DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00200-6
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00200-6
PMid:15149901
 
26. Young JE, Gluhoski V. A schema-focused perspective on satisfaction in close relationships; 2003.
 
27. Davanloo H. Unlocking the Unconscious: Selected Papers of Habib Davanloo, MD. Wiley; 1995. [Persian]
 
28. Ghorbani N. Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy: basics and techniques. Tehran: Samt Publication; 2018. [persian]
 
29. Busch FN. Milord BL. Psychodynamic treatment for separation anxiety disorder in a treatment nonresponder. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic association.2015; 63(5):893-919. DOI: 10.1177/0003065115607491
https://doi.org/10.1177/0003065115607491
PMid:26487108
 
30. McCullough, Lee, Kahn, Knott, Andrews, Stewart, Kaplan, Amelia, Wolff, Jonathan, Heroli, Caralanza. (2003). Treatment of affectophobia: a guide to short-term dynamic psychotherapy, translate Elham Estad, Mahin Dehghani, Mahmoud Dehghani, 2013, Tehran: Arjmand Publications. [persian]
 
31. Peeters N, Passel BV, Krans J. The effectiveness of schema therapy for patients with anxiety disorders, OCD, or PTSD: A systematic review and research agenda. Br J Clin Psychol. 2022;61(3):579-597. doi: 10.1111/bjc.12324
https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12324
PMid:34296767 PMCid:PMC9544733
 
32. Nosratabadi M, Afzaligrouh A. Effect of Schematic Therapy on Anxiety and Depression Reduction and Improving the Sexual Function of Women with Vaginismus. Clinical Psychology and Personality. 2020; 18(2): 11-19. [Persian]
 
33. Javaheri Kamel A, Mahmoudi M, Sohrabi F, Asgari M, Eskandari H. Develop a treatment program based on the dynamic experiential model and its effectiveness on emotional expressiveness in depressed patients. Thoughts and Behavior in Clinical Psychology. 2019; 14(54): 77-88. [Persian].
Razavi International Journal of Medicine
Volume 12, Issue 2
May 2024
Pages 15-23

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics